Timely application of postemergence products is critical to protect corn yields, especially in fields relying solely on postemergence herbicides. Weeds can begin to affect yields as early as two weeks after crop emergence. The specific time at which weeds begin to reduce yields varies widely depending upon many factors, but the longer application is delayed, the greater the risk of a yield penalty.
The initial growth of weeds is relatively slow, but after a sluggish start, their growth rate increases rapidly (Figure 1). Weeds as small as 2 inches can affect corn yields if present at high densities (>10 sq. ft.). The crop yield lost per day increases as control tactics are delayed due to the increasing growth rate and greater impact of large weeds (Table 1). Weeds 2 to 4 inches tall may reduce yields by 0.5 percent for each day application is delayed, whereas 6-inch weeds can reduce yields by 1 percent or more per day.
Table 1. Giant foxtail growth rates and impact on corn yields as affected by plant height
Weed Height
(Inches) |
Growth Rate
(Inches per Day) |
Yield Loss1
(% per Day) |
---|---|---|
2-4 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
4-6 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
6-8 | 0.7 | 1.5 |
1Adapted from Gower et al. 2003. Weed Technology.
This article originally appeared on page 88 of the IC-494(10) -- May 16, 2005 issue.